- Narendra Modi (2014–Present): Leader of the BJP, Modi is known for transformative initiatives like Make in India, GST, Swachh Bharat, and Digital India. He implemented demonetization in 2016 and re-elected in 2019. Focused on national security, economic reforms, and global diplomacy. His leadership has been marked by strong political centralization and polarization. Key global moves include strengthening ties with the US and hosting the G20 summit.
- Manmohan Singh (2004–2014): An economist and Congress leader, Singh presided over rapid economic growth and the 2008 financial crisis. His government implemented major reforms like the India-US nuclear deal and Right to Information Act. Known for his calm demeanor, he steered India through challenging times, including global financial instability. He helped India become a global economic player. His tenure also saw increased social welfare programs.
- Atal Bihari Vajpayee (1998–2004): Led BJP and served three non-consecutive terms, with the Pokhran II nuclear tests and Kargil War defining his leadership. Promoted economic reforms and the National Highways Development Project. Advocated for peace with Pakistan while maintaining strong national defense. Developed India’s role as a major global player. Known for his oratory skills and statesmanship in both domestic and international affairs.
- H. D. Deve Gowda (1996–1997): A leader of the Janata Dal, he served as Prime Minister in a short coalition government. Focused on agriculture and rural development, having been Chief Minister of Karnataka before. His tenure was marked by political instability and a fractured mandate. Advocated for regional cooperation in South Asia. His leadership was a product of non-Congress, non-BJP alliances.
- Inder Kumar Gujral (1997–1998): Leader of the Janata Dal, Gujral is remembered for the Gujral Doctrine in foreign policy, focusing on India’s relations with neighboring countries. His government continued economic liberalization and played a key role in enhancing India’s regional presence. Known for promoting South Asian diplomacy and cooperation. Gujral’s tenure was marked by a stable coalition but limited domestic reform progress.
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